백그라운드 모드

Codex와 심층 리서치 같은 에이전트에서 볼 수 있듯이, 추론 모델이 복잡한 문제를 해결하는 데는 몇 분이 걸릴 수 있습니다. 백그라운드 모드를 사용하면 시간 초과나 기타 연결 문제를 걱정할 필요 없이 GPT-5.2나 GPT-5.2 Pro 같은 모델에서 오래 걸리는 작업을 안정적으로 실행할 수 있습니다.

백그라운드 모드는 작업을 비동기로 시작합니다. 개발자는 응답 객체를 주기적으로 조회(폴링)해 작업 상태를 확인할 수 있습니다. 백그라운드에서 응답 생성을 시작하려면 background를 true로 설정해 API 요청을 보내세요.

데이터 비보관(ZDR)이 적용된 프로젝트의 백그라운드 요청은 store=false로 실행됩니다. 비동기 실행과 폴링을 지원하기 위해 응답 데이터는 약 10분간 디스크에 임시로 저장됩니다.

수정된 악용 모니터링 또는 그 강화 버전을 사용하는 프로젝트에서는 포그라운드 요청에서 store를 생략하거나 true로 설정하면 표준 데이터 보존 정책이 적용됩니다. 백그라운드 응답은 store=true를 명시한 경우에만 폴링 기간이 끝난 뒤에도 보관됩니다. 백그라운드 요청에서 store를 생략하거나 false로 설정하면 약 10분 후에 응답이 삭제됩니다.

백그라운드에서 응답 생성하기

Python

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8curl https://api.openai.com/v1/responses \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY" \
-d '{
  "model": "gpt-6-astra",
  "input": "Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
  "background": true
}'

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10import OpenAI from "openai";
const client = new OpenAI();

const resp = await client.responses.create({
  model: "gpt-6-astra",
  input: "Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
  background: true,
});

console.log(resp.status);

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11from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI()

resp = client.responses.create(
    model="gpt-6-astra",
    input="Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
    background=True,
)

print(resp.status)

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26package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/openai/openai-go/v3"
	"github.com/openai/openai-go/v3/responses"
)

func main() {
	client := openai.NewClient()

	response, err := client.Responses.New(context.Background(), responses.ResponseNewParams{
		Model:      "gpt-6-astra",
		Background: openai.Bool(true),
		Input: responses.ResponseNewParamsInputUnion{
			OfString: openai.String("Write a very long novel about otters in space."),
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(response.Status)
}

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13import com.openai.client.OpenAIClient;
import com.openai.client.okhttp.OpenAIOkHttpClient;
import com.openai.models.responses.ResponseCreateParams;

ResponseCreateParams params =
    ResponseCreateParams.builder()
        .model("gpt-6-astra")
        .input("Write a detailed market analysis.")
        .background(true)
        .build();

var response = client.responses().create(params);
System.out.println(response.status().orElseThrow());

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17using OpenAI.Responses;
#pragma warning disable OPENAI001

string key = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("OPENAI_API_KEY")!;
ResponsesClient client = new(key);

CreateResponseOptions options = new()
{
    Model = "gpt-6-astra",
    BackgroundModeEnabled = true,
};
options.InputItems.Add(
    ResponseItem.CreateUserMessageItem("Write a very long novel about otters in space.")
);

ResponseResult response = await client.CreateResponseAsync(options);
Console.WriteLine(response.Status);

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10require "openai"

client = OpenAI::Client.new
response = client.responses.create(
  model: "gpt-6-astra",
  input: "Write a detailed market analysis.",
  background: true
)

puts(response.status)

백그라운드 응답 폴링하기

백그라운드 요청의 상태를 확인하려면 Responses API의 GET 엔드포인트를 사용하세요. 요청 상태가 queued 또는 in_progress인 동안에는 폴링을 계속하세요. 요청이 이 두 상태를 벗어나면 최종 상태에 도달한 것입니다.

백그라운드에서 생성 중인 응답 조회하기

Python

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3curl https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/resp_123 \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY"

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16import OpenAI from "openai";
const client = new OpenAI();

let resp = await client.responses.create({
  model: "gpt-6-astra",
  input: "Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
  background: true,
});

while (resp.status === "queued" || resp.status === "in_progress") {
  console.log("Current status: " + resp.status);
  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2000)); // wait 2 seconds
  resp = await client.responses.retrieve(resp.id);
}

console.log("Final status: " + resp.status + "\nOutput:\n" + resp.output_text);

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17from openai import OpenAI
from time import sleep

client = OpenAI()

resp = client.responses.create(
    model="gpt-6-astra",
    input="Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
    background=True,
)

while resp.status in {"queued", "in_progress"}:
    print(f"Current status: {resp.status}")
    sleep(2)
    resp = client.responses.retrieve(resp.id)

print(f"Final status: {resp.status}\nOutput:\n{resp.output_text}")

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36package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"github.com/openai/openai-go/v3"
	"github.com/openai/openai-go/v3/responses"
)

func main() {
	client := openai.NewClient()

	response, err := client.Responses.New(context.Background(), responses.ResponseNewParams{
		Model:      "gpt-6-astra",
		Background: openai.Bool(true),
		Input: responses.ResponseNewParamsInputUnion{
			OfString: openai.String("Write a very long novel about otters in space."),
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	for response.Status == "queued" || response.Status == "in_progress" {
		fmt.Println("Current status:", response.Status)
		time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
		response, err = client.Responses.Get(context.Background(), response.ID, responses.ResponseGetParams{})
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
	}

	fmt.Printf("Final status: %s\nOutput:\n%s\n", response.Status, response.OutputText())
}

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25import com.openai.client.OpenAIClient;
import com.openai.client.okhttp.OpenAIOkHttpClient;
import com.openai.models.responses.ResponseCreateParams;
import com.openai.models.responses.ResponseStatus;

ResponseCreateParams params =
    ResponseCreateParams.builder()
        .model("gpt-6-astra")
        .input("Write a very long novel about otters in space.")
        .background(true)
        .build();

var response = client.responses().create(params);
while (response.status().filter(ResponseStatus.QUEUED::equals).isPresent()
    || response.status().filter(ResponseStatus.IN_PROGRESS::equals).isPresent()) {
  System.out.println("Current status: " + response.status().orElseThrow());
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  response = client.responses().retrieve(response.id());
}
System.out.println("Final status: " + response.status().orElseThrow());
response.output().stream()
    .flatMap(item -> item.message().stream())
    .flatMap(message -> message.content().stream())
    .flatMap(content -> content.outputText().stream())
    .forEach(text -> System.out.println(text.text()));

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27using OpenAI.Responses;
#pragma warning disable OPENAI001

string key = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("OPENAI_API_KEY")!;
ResponsesClient client = new(key);

CreateResponseOptions options = new()
{
    Model = "gpt-6-astra",
    BackgroundModeEnabled = true,
};
options.InputItems.Add(
    ResponseItem.CreateUserMessageItem("Write a very long novel about otters in space.")
);

ResponseResult response = await client.CreateResponseAsync(options);
while (response.Status is ResponseStatus.Queued or ResponseStatus.InProgress)
{
    await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
    response = await client.GetResponseAsync(response.Id);
}
if (response.Status != ResponseStatus.Completed)
{
    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Background response ended with status: {response.Status}");
}
Console.WriteLine($"Status: {response.Status}");
Console.WriteLine(response.GetOutputText());

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18require "openai"

client = OpenAI::Client.new
response = client.responses.create(
  model: "gpt-6-astra",
  input: "Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
  background: true
)

while [:queued, :in_progress].include?(response.status)
  puts("Current status: #{response.status}")
  sleep(2)
  response = client.responses.retrieve(response.id)
end

puts("Final status: #{response.status}")
puts("Output:")
puts(response.output_text)

백그라운드 응답 취소하기

생성 중인 응답은 다음과 같이 취소할 수 있습니다.

생성 중인 응답 취소하기

Python

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3curl -X POST https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/resp_123/cancel \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY"

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6import OpenAI from "openai";
const client = new OpenAI();

const resp = await client.responses.cancel("resp_123");

console.log(resp.status);

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10import os

from openai import OpenAI

response_id = os.environ["OPENAI_RESPONSE_ID"]
client = OpenAI()

resp = client.responses.cancel(response_id)

print(resp.status)

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19package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/openai/openai-go/v3"
)

func main() {
	client := openai.NewClient()

	canceled, err := client.Responses.Cancel(context.Background(), "resp_123")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(canceled.Status)
}

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8import com.openai.client.OpenAIClient;
import com.openai.client.okhttp.OpenAIOkHttpClient;

String responseId = "resp_123";

var response = client.responses().cancel(responseId);

System.out.println(response.status());

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11using OpenAI.Responses;
#pragma warning disable OPENAI001

string key = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("OPENAI_API_KEY")!;
ResponsesClient client = new(key);

// Replace this illustrative ID with the background response to cancel.
string responseId = "resp_123";

ResponseResult response = await client.CancelResponseAsync(responseId);
Console.WriteLine(response.Status);

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5require "openai"

client = OpenAI::Client.new
response = client.responses.cancel("resp_123")
puts(response.status)

취소 작업은 멱등성을 보장합니다. 같은 응답에 대해 취소를 다시 호출하면 최종 Response 객체만 반환됩니다.

백그라운드 응답 스트리밍하기

백그라운드 응답을 생성하고 곧바로 이벤트 스트리밍을 시작할 수 있습니다. 클라이언트의 스트림 연결이 끊길 가능성이 있고 나중에 스트리밍을 재개하려는 경우에 유용합니다. 응답을 생성할 때 background와 stream을 모두 true로 설정하세요. 스트리밍 이벤트를 받을 때마다 해당 이벤트의 sequence_number에 해당하는 “커서”를 기록해 두세요.

현재 백그라운드 응답은 동기 응답보다 첫 토큰을 받기까지 더 오래 걸립니다. 앞으로 몇 주 안에 이 지연 시간 차이를 줄이기 위해 개선 작업을 진행하고 있습니다.

백그라운드 응답 생성 및 스트리밍하기

curl

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14curl https://api.openai.com/v1/responses \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY" \
-d '{
  "model": "gpt-6-astra",
  "input": "Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
  "background": true,
  "stream": true
}'

// To resume:
curl "https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/resp_123?stream=true&starting_after=42" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY"

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25import OpenAI from "openai";
const client = new OpenAI();

const stream = await client.responses.create({
  model: "gpt-6-astra",
  input: "Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
  background: true,
  stream: true,
});

let cursor = null;
let responseId = null;
for await (const event of stream) {
  console.log(event);
  // Keepalives use connection counters, not stored-event resume positions.
  if (String(event.type) !== "keepalive") cursor = event.sequence_number;
  if ("response" in event && event.response?.id) responseId = event.response.id;
}

// If the connection drops, resume streaming from the last stored-event cursor:
// const resumedStream = await client.responses.retrieve(responseId, {
//   stream: true,
//   starting_after: cursor,
// });
// for await (const event of resumedStream) { ... }

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28from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI()

# Fire off an async response but also start streaming immediately
stream = client.responses.create(
    model="gpt-6-astra",
    input="Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
    background=True,
    stream=True,
)

cursor = None
response_id = None
for event in stream:
    print(event)
    if event.type == "response.created":
        response_id = event.response.id
    # Keepalives use connection counters, not stored-event resume positions.
    if event.type != "keepalive":
        cursor = event.sequence_number

    # If your connection drops, the response continues running and you can reconnect:
    # with client.responses.stream(response_id=response_id, starting_after=cursor) as resumed:
    #     for event in resumed:
    #         print(event)
    if event.type == "response.created":
        response_id = event.response.id

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49package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/openai/openai-go/v3"
	"github.com/openai/openai-go/v3/responses"
)

func main() {
	client := openai.NewClient()

	stream := client.Responses.NewStreaming(context.Background(), responses.ResponseNewParams{
		Model:      "gpt-6-astra",
		Background: openai.Bool(true),
		Input: responses.ResponseNewParamsInputUnion{
			OfString: openai.String("Write a very long novel about otters in space."),
		},
	})
	defer stream.Close()
	var cursor int64
	var responseID string
	for stream.Next() {
		event := stream.Current()
		fmt.Println(event.Type)
		// Keepalives use connection counters, not stored-event resume positions.
		if event.Type != "keepalive" {
			cursor = event.SequenceNumber
		}
		if event.Response.ID != "" {
			responseID = event.Response.ID
		}
	}
	if err := stream.Err(); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("response %s last cursor %d\n", responseID, cursor)

	// If the connection drops, resume streaming from the last cursor:
	// resumed := client.Responses.GetStreaming(
	// 	context.Background(),
	// 	responseID,
	// 	responses.ResponseGetParams{StartingAfter: openai.Int(cursor)},
	// )
	// for resumed.Next() {
	// 	fmt.Println(resumed.Current().Type)
	// }
}

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106import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.json.JsonMapper;
import com.openai.client.OpenAIClient;
import com.openai.client.okhttp.OpenAIOkHttpClient;
import com.openai.core.RequestOptions;
import com.openai.core.http.StreamResponse;
import com.openai.errors.OpenAIIoException;
import com.openai.models.responses.ResponseCreateParams;
import com.openai.models.responses.ResponseRetrieveParams;
import com.openai.models.responses.ResponseStreamEvent;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

ResponseCreateParams params =
    ResponseCreateParams.builder()
        .model("gpt-6-astra")
        .input("Write a very long novel about otters in space.")
        .background(true)
        .build();

AtomicLong lastSequenceNumber = new AtomicLong(-1);
AtomicReference<String> responseId = new AtomicReference<>("");
AtomicBoolean streamCompleted = new AtomicBoolean(false);
JsonMapper json = new JsonMapper();
// This long-running response can exceed the SDK's default request deadline.
RequestOptions streamOptions = RequestOptions.builder().timeout(Duration.ofMinutes(30)).build();
try (StreamResponse<ResponseStreamEvent> stream =
    client.responses().createStreaming(params, streamOptions)) {
  stream.stream()
      .forEach(
          event -> {
            if (event.failed().isPresent()
                || event.incomplete().isPresent()
                || event.error().isPresent()) {
              throw new IllegalStateException("Background response did not complete");
            }
            var data = json.valueToTree(event);
            // Keepalives count connection traffic, not stored response events.
            if (data.path("type").asText().startsWith("response.")
                && data.path("sequence_number").isIntegralNumber()) {
              lastSequenceNumber.set(data.path("sequence_number").asLong());
            }
            event
                .created()
                .ifPresent(
                    created -> {
                      responseId.set(created.response().id());
                      System.out.println("response.created");
                    });
            event
                .outputTextDelta()
                .ifPresent(
                    delta -> {
                      System.out.println("response.output_text.delta");
                    });
            event
                .completed()
                .ifPresent(
                    completed -> {
                      streamCompleted.set(true);
                      System.out.println("response.completed");
                    });
          });
} catch (OpenAIIoException error) {
  // Resume an interrupted stream once, from its stored-event checkpoint.
  if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()
      || streamCompleted.get()
      || responseId.get().isBlank()
      || lastSequenceNumber.get() < 0) {
    throw error;
  }
}
System.out.println(
    "Response " + responseId.get() + "; last sequence number " + lastSequenceNumber.get());
if (!streamCompleted.get()) {
  if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()
      || responseId.get().isBlank()
      || lastSequenceNumber.get() < 0) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("Stream ended without a resumable checkpoint");
  }
  try (StreamResponse<ResponseStreamEvent> resumed =
      client
          .responses()
          .retrieveStreaming(
              ResponseRetrieveParams.builder()
                  .responseId(responseId.get())
                  .startingAfter(lastSequenceNumber.get())
                  .build(),
              streamOptions)) {
    resumed.stream()
        .forEach(
            event -> {
              if (event.failed().isPresent()
                  || event.incomplete().isPresent()
                  || event.error().isPresent()) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Resumed response did not complete");
              }
              event.outputTextDelta().ifPresent(delta -> System.out.println(delta.delta()));
              event.completed().ifPresent(completed -> streamCompleted.set(true));
            });
  }
  if (!streamCompleted.get()) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("Resumed response did not complete");
  }
}

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82using OpenAI.Responses;
#pragma warning disable OPENAI001

string key = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("OPENAI_API_KEY")!;
ResponsesClient client = new(key);

CreateResponseOptions options = new()
{
    Model = "gpt-6-astra",
    BackgroundModeEnabled = true,
    StreamingEnabled = true,
};
options.InputItems.Add(
    ResponseItem.CreateUserMessageItem("Write a very long novel about otters in space.")
);

string? responseId = null;
int lastSequenceNumber = -1;
bool completed = false;

void HandleUpdate(StreamingResponseUpdate update)
{
    lastSequenceNumber = update.SequenceNumber;
    switch (update)
    {
        case StreamingResponseCreatedUpdate created:
            responseId = created.Response.Id;
            break;
        case StreamingResponseOutputTextDeltaUpdate text:
            Console.Write(text.Delta);
            break;
        case StreamingResponseCompletedUpdate:
            completed = true;
            break;
        case StreamingResponseFailedUpdate:
            throw new InvalidOperationException("The background response failed.");
        case StreamingResponseIncompleteUpdate:
            throw new InvalidOperationException("The background response was incomplete.");
        case StreamingResponseErrorUpdate error:
            throw new InvalidOperationException($"The response stream failed: {error.Message}");
    }
}

try
{
    await foreach (
        StreamingResponseUpdate update in client.CreateResponseStreamingAsync(options)
    )
    {
        HandleUpdate(update);
    }
}
catch (Exception error)
    when (error is HttpRequestException or IOException && responseId is not null)
{
    // The background response continues after its streaming connection is interrupted.
}

if (!completed)
{
    if (responseId is null)
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException("The response stream ended before providing its ID.");
    }

    GetResponseOptions resumeOptions = new(responseId)
    {
        StartingAfter = lastSequenceNumber,
        StreamingEnabled = true,
    };
    await foreach (StreamingResponseUpdate update in client.GetResponseStreamingAsync(resumeOptions))
    {
        HandleUpdate(update);
    }

    if (!completed)
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(
            "The resumed response stream ended before the background response completed."
        );
    }
}

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31require "openai"

# An uncapped background novel can run beyond the SDK's default ten minutes.
client = OpenAI::Client.new(timeout: 30 * 60)
stream = client.responses.stream(
  model: "gpt-6-astra",
  input: "Write a very long novel about otters in space.",
  background: true
)

last_sequence_number = -1
response_id = ""
begin
  stream.each do |event|
    puts(event.type)
    # The SDK filters transport keepalives before yielding stored events.
    last_sequence_number = event.sequence_number || last_sequence_number
    if event.is_a?(OpenAI::Models::Responses::ResponseCreatedEvent)
      response_id = event.response.id
    end
  end
ensure
  stream.close
end

puts("response #{response_id} last cursor #{last_sequence_number}")

# If the connection drops, resume from the last sequence number:
# client.responses.stream(response_id: response_id, starting_after: last_sequence_number).each do |event|
#   puts(event.type)
# end

제한 사항

백그라운드 요청에서 store=false를 사용할 수 있지만, 비동기 실행과 폴링을 위해 응답 데이터는 임시로 저장됩니다.
동기 응답을 취소하려면 연결을 종료하세요.
백그라운드 응답에서 새 스트림을 시작하려면 응답을 생성할 때 stream=true를 설정해야 합니다.

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