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Geração de prompts

Gere prompts e schemas no Playground.

Com o botão Gerar do Playground, você pode gerar prompts, funções e schemas apenas descrevendo sua tarefa. Este guia explica em detalhes como isso funciona.

Visão geral

Criar prompts e schemas do zero pode levar tempo. Gerá-los ajuda você a começar mais rápido. O botão Gerar usa duas abordagens principais:

  1. Prompts: Usamos metaprompts que incorporam boas práticas para gerar ou melhorar prompts.
  2. Schemas: Usamos metaschemas que geram JSON válido e definições de função com sintaxe válida.

Hoje usamos metaprompts e metaschemas, mas no futuro podemos integrar técnicas mais avançadas, como DSPy e “descida do gradiente”.

Prompts

Um metaprompt orienta o modelo a criar um bom prompt a partir da descrição da sua tarefa ou a melhorar um prompt existente. Os metaprompts do Playground se baseiam nas nossas boas práticas de engenharia de prompt e na experiência que adquirimos trabalhando com usuários.

Usamos metaprompts específicos para diferentes tipos de saída, como áudio, para garantir que os prompts gerados sigam o formato esperado.

Metaprompts

Metaprompt para saída de texto
import OpenAI from "openai";

const client = new OpenAI();

const metaPrompt = `Given a task description or existing prompt, produce a detailed system prompt to guide a language model in completing the task effectively.

# Guidelines

- Understand the Task: Grasp the main objective, goals, requirements, constraints, and expected output.
- Minimal Changes: If an existing prompt is provided, improve it only if it's simple. For complex prompts, enhance clarity and add missing elements without altering the original structure.
- Reasoning Before Conclusions**: Encourage reasoning steps before any conclusions are reached. ATTENTION! If the user provides examples where the reasoning happens afterward, REVERSE the order! NEVER START EXAMPLES WITH CONCLUSIONS!
    - Reasoning Order: Call out reasoning portions of the prompt and conclusion parts (specific fields by name). For each, determine the ORDER in which this is done, and whether it needs to be reversed.
    - Conclusion, classifications, or results should ALWAYS appear last.
- Examples: Include high-quality examples if helpful, using placeholders [in brackets] for complex elements.
   - What kinds of examples may need to be included, how many, and whether they are complex enough to benefit from placeholders.
- Clarity and Conciseness: Use clear, specific language. Avoid unnecessary instructions or bland statements.
- Formatting: Use markdown features for readability. DO NOT USE \`\`\` CODE BLOCKS UNLESS SPECIFICALLY REQUESTED.
- Preserve User Content: If the input task or prompt includes extensive guidelines or examples, preserve them entirely, or as closely as possible. If they are vague, consider breaking down into sub-steps. Keep any details, guidelines, examples, variables, or placeholders provided by the user.
- Constants: DO include constants in the prompt, as they are not susceptible to prompt injection. Such as guides, rubrics, and examples.
- Output Format: Explicitly the most appropriate output format, in detail. This should include length and syntax (e.g. short sentence, paragraph, JSON, etc.)
    - For tasks outputting well-defined or structured data (classification, JSON, etc.) bias toward outputting a JSON.
    - JSON should never be wrapped in code blocks (\`\`\`) unless explicitly requested.

The final prompt you output should adhere to the following structure below. Do not include any additional commentary, only output the completed system prompt. SPECIFICALLY, do not include any additional messages at the start or end of the prompt. (e.g. no "---")

[Concise instruction describing the task - this should be the first line in the prompt, no section header]

[Additional details as needed.]

[Optional sections with headings or bullet points for detailed steps.]

# Steps [optional]

[optional: a detailed breakdown of the steps necessary to accomplish the task]

# Output Format

[Specifically call out how the output should be formatted, be it response length, structure e.g. JSON, markdown, etc]

# Examples [optional]

[Optional: 1-3 well-defined examples with placeholders if necessary. Clearly mark where examples start and end, and what the input and output are. User placeholders as necessary.]
[If the examples are shorter than what a realistic example is expected to be, make a reference with () explaining how real examples should be longer / shorter / different. AND USE PLACEHOLDERS! ]

# Notes [optional]

[optional: edge cases, details, and an area to call or repeat out specific important considerations]`;

async function generatePrompt(taskOrPrompt) {
  const completion = await client.chat.completions.create({
    model: "gpt-6-astra",
    messages: [
      { role: "system", content: metaPrompt },
      {
        role: "user",
        content: "Task, Goal, or Current Prompt:\n" + taskOrPrompt,
      },
    ],
  });

  return completion.choices[0].message.content;
}

console.log(
  await generatePrompt("Write a concise product launch announcement.")
);

Edição de prompts

Para editar prompts, usamos uma versão ligeiramente modificada do metaprompt. É simples aplicar alterações pontuais, mas, quando o pedido de revisão é mais aberto, pode ser difícil identificar o que precisa mudar. Por isso, incluímos uma seção de raciocínio no início da resposta. Nessa seção, o modelo identifica as mudanças necessárias avaliando, entre outros fatores, a clareza do prompt existente, a ordem das etapas da cadeia de pensamento, a estrutura geral do prompt e o nível de detalhe das instruções. A seção de raciocínio apresenta sugestões de melhoria. Depois, removemos essa seção da resposta final.

Metaprompt para editar prompts de saída de texto
import OpenAI from "openai";

const client = new OpenAI();

const metaPrompt = `Given a current prompt and a change description, produce a detailed system prompt to guide a language model in completing the task effectively.

Your final output will be the full corrected prompt verbatim. However, before that, at the very beginning of your response, use <reasoning> tags to analyze the prompt and determine the following, explicitly:
<reasoning>
- Simple Change: (yes/no) Is the change description explicit and simple? (If so, skip the rest of these questions.)
- Reasoning: (yes/no) Does the current prompt use reasoning, analysis, or chain of thought?
    - Identify: (max 10 words) if so, which section(s) utilize reasoning?
    - Conclusion: (yes/no) is the chain of thought used to determine a conclusion?
    - Ordering: (before/after) is the chain of though located before or after
- Structure: (yes/no) does the input prompt have a well defined structure
- Examples: (yes/no) does the input prompt have few-shot examples
    - Representative: (1-5) if present, how representative are the examples?
- Complexity: (1-5) how complex is the input prompt?
    - Task: (1-5) how complex is the implied task?
    - Necessity: ()
- Specificity: (1-5) how detailed and specific is the prompt? (not to be confused with length)
- Prioritization: (list) what 1-3 categories are the MOST important to address.
- Conclusion: (max 30 words) given the previous assessment, give a very concise, imperative description of what should be changed and how. this does not have to adhere strictly to only the categories listed
</reasoning>

# Guidelines

- Understand the Task: Grasp the main objective, goals, requirements, constraints, and expected output.
- Minimal Changes: If an existing prompt is provided, improve it only if it's simple. For complex prompts, enhance clarity and add missing elements without altering the original structure.
- Reasoning Before Conclusions**: Encourage reasoning steps before any conclusions are reached. ATTENTION! If the user provides examples where the reasoning happens afterward, REVERSE the order! NEVER START EXAMPLES WITH CONCLUSIONS!
    - Reasoning Order: Call out reasoning portions of the prompt and conclusion parts (specific fields by name). For each, determine the ORDER in which this is done, and whether it needs to be reversed.
    - Conclusion, classifications, or results should ALWAYS appear last.
- Examples: Include high-quality examples if helpful, using placeholders [in brackets] for complex elements.
   - What kinds of examples may need to be included, how many, and whether they are complex enough to benefit from placeholders.
- Clarity and Conciseness: Use clear, specific language. Avoid unnecessary instructions or bland statements.
- Formatting: Use markdown features for readability. DO NOT USE \`\`\` CODE BLOCKS UNLESS SPECIFICALLY REQUESTED.
- Preserve User Content: If the input task or prompt includes extensive guidelines or examples, preserve them entirely, or as closely as possible. If they are vague, consider breaking down into sub-steps. Keep any details, guidelines, examples, variables, or placeholders provided by the user.
- Constants: DO include constants in the prompt, as they are not susceptible to prompt injection. Such as guides, rubrics, and examples.
- Output Format: Explicitly the most appropriate output format, in detail. This should include length and syntax (e.g. short sentence, paragraph, JSON, etc.)
    - For tasks outputting well-defined or structured data (classification, JSON, etc.) bias toward outputting a JSON.
    - JSON should never be wrapped in code blocks (\`\`\`) unless explicitly requested.

The final prompt you output should adhere to the following structure below. Do not include any additional commentary, only output the completed system prompt. SPECIFICALLY, do not include any additional messages at the start or end of the prompt. (e.g. no "---")

[Concise instruction describing the task - this should be the first line in the prompt, no section header]

[Additional details as needed.]

[Optional sections with headings or bullet points for detailed steps.]

# Steps [optional]

[optional: a detailed breakdown of the steps necessary to accomplish the task]

# Output Format

[Specifically call out how the output should be formatted, be it response length, structure e.g. JSON, markdown, etc]

# Examples [optional]

[Optional: 1-3 well-defined examples with placeholders if necessary. Clearly mark where examples start and end, and what the input and output are. User placeholders as necessary.]
[If the examples are shorter than what a realistic example is expected to be, make a reference with () explaining how real examples should be longer / shorter / different. AND USE PLACEHOLDERS! ]

# Notes [optional]

[optional: edge cases, details, and an area to call or repeat out specific important considerations]
[NOTE: you must start with a <reasoning> section. the immediate next token you produce should be <reasoning>]`;

async function generatePrompt(taskOrPrompt) {
  const completion = await client.chat.completions.create({
    model: "gpt-6-astra",
    messages: [
      { role: "system", content: metaPrompt },
      {
        role: "user",
        content: "Task, Goal, or Current Prompt:\n" + taskOrPrompt,
      },
    ],
  });

  return completion.choices[0].message.content;
}

console.log(
  await generatePrompt("Make this support prompt more concise and empathetic.")
);

Schemas

Os schemas de saídas estruturadas e os schemas de funções são objetos JSON. Por isso, usamos as próprias saídas estruturadas para gerá-los. Para isso, precisamos definir um schema para a saída desejada, que, neste caso, também é um schema. Usamos então um schema que descreve a si mesmo, chamado metaschema.

Como o campo parameters de um schema de função também é um schema, usamos o mesmo metaschema para gerar funções.

Como definir um metaschema com restrições

As saídas estruturadas aceitam dois modos: strict=true e strict=false. Ambos usam o mesmo modelo, treinado para seguir o schema fornecido, mas apenas o “modo estrito” garante que a saída siga o schema à risca por meio de amostragem com restrições.

Nosso objetivo é gerar schemas para o modo estrito usando o próprio modo estrito. Porém, os metaschemas oficiais da especificação JSON Schema dependem de recursos que o modo estrito ainda não aceita. Essa limitação afeta tanto o schema de entrada quanto o de saída.

  1. Schema de entrada: Não podemos usar recursos sem suporte no schema de entrada para descrever o schema de saída.
  2. Schema de saída: O schema gerado não pode incluir recursos sem suporte.

Como precisamos gerar novas chaves no schema de saída, o metaschema de entrada precisa usar additionalProperties. Por isso, ainda não podemos usar o modo estrito para gerar schemas. Mesmo assim, queremos que o schema gerado respeite as restrições desse modo.

Para contornar essa limitação, definimos um pseudometaschema. Ele usa recursos que o modo estrito não aceita para descrever apenas os recursos aceitos nesse modo. Assim, podemos definir o metaschema fora do modo estrito e ainda garantir que os schemas gerados respeitem as restrições desse modo.

Deep dive
Como criamos o pseudometaschema

Limpeza da saída

O modo estrito garante que a saída siga o schema à risca. Como não podemos usar esse modo durante a geração, precisamos validar e transformar a saída depois de gerá-la.

Depois de gerar um schema, seguimos estas etapas:

  1. Definimos additionalProperties como false em todos os objetos.
  2. Marcamos todas as propriedades como obrigatórias.
  3. No caso de schemas de saídas estruturadas, colocamos cada schema dentro de um objeto json_schema.
  4. No caso de funções, colocamos cada definição dentro de um objeto function.

O objeto de função da Realtime API difere um pouco do objeto correspondente da API chat completions, mas usa o mesmo schema.

Metaschemas

Cada metaschema tem um prompt correspondente que inclui exemplos few-shot. Com esses prompts e a confiabilidade das saídas estruturadas, conseguimos gerar schemas mesmo sem o modo estrito.

Metaschema de saída estruturada
import OpenAI from "openai";

const client = new OpenAI();

const schemaDefinition = {
  type: "object",
  properties: {
    description: { type: "string" },
    type: {
      type: "string",
      enum: ["object", "array", "string", "number", "boolean", "null"],
    },
    properties: {
      type: "object",
      additionalProperties: { $ref: "#/$defs/schema_definition" },
    },
    items: {
      anyOf: [
        { $ref: "#/$defs/schema_definition" },
        { type: "array", items: { $ref: "#/$defs/schema_definition" } },
      ],
    },
    required: { type: "array", items: { type: "string" } },
    additionalProperties: { type: "boolean" },
    enum: { type: "array", minItems: 1, uniqueItems: true },
    $ref: { type: "string" },
    $defs: {
      type: "object",
      additionalProperties: { $ref: "#/$defs/schema_definition" },
    },
    anyOf: {
      type: "array",
      minItems: 1,
      items: { $ref: "#/$defs/schema_definition" },
    },
  },
  additionalProperties: false,
  if: { required: ["type"], properties: { type: { const: "object" } } },
  then: { required: ["properties"] },
};

const metaSchema = {
  name: "metaschema",
  schema: {
    ...schemaDefinition,
    required: ["type"],
    properties: {
      name: { type: "string", description: "The name of the schema" },
      ...schemaDefinition.properties,
    },
    $defs: {
      schema_definition: {
        ...schemaDefinition,
        anyOf: [
          { required: ["type"] },
          { required: ["$ref"] },
          { required: ["anyOf"] },
        ],
      },
    },
  },
};

const metaPrompt = `# Instructions
Return a valid schema for the described JSON.

You must also make sure:
- all fields in an object are set as required
- I REPEAT, ALL FIELDS MUST BE MARKED AS REQUIRED
- all objects must have additionalProperties set to false
    - because of this, some cases like "attributes" or "metadata" properties that would normally allow additional properties should instead have a fixed set of properties
- all objects must have properties defined
- field order matters. any form of "thinking" or "explanation" should come before the conclusion
- $defs must be defined under the schema param

Notable keywords NOT supported include:
- For objects: unevaluatedProperties, propertyNames, minProperties, maxProperties
- For arrays: unevaluatedItems, contains, minContains, maxContains, uniqueItems

Other notes:
- definitions and recursion are supported
- only if necessary to include references e.g. "$defs", it must be inside the "schema" object

# Examples
Input: Generate a math reasoning schema with steps and a final answer.
Output: {
    "name": "math_reasoning",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "steps": {
            "type": "array",
            "description": "A sequence of steps involved in solving the math problem.",
            "items": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "explanation": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Description of the reasoning or method used in this step."
                    },
                    "output": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Result or outcome of this specific step."
                    }
                },
                "required": [
                    "explanation",
                    "output"
                ],
                "additionalProperties": false
            }
        },
        "final_answer": {
            "type": "string",
            "description": "The final solution or answer to the math problem."
        }
    },
    "required": [
        "steps",
        "final_answer"
    ],
    "additionalProperties": false
}

Input: Give me a linked list
Output: {
    "name": "linked_list",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "linked_list": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/linked_list_node",
            "description": "The head node of the linked list."
        }
    },
    "$defs": {
        "linked_list_node": {
            "type": "object",
            "description": "Defines a node in a singly linked list.",
            "properties": {
                "value": {
                    "type": "number",
                    "description": "The value stored in this node."
                },
                "next": {
                    "anyOf": [
                        {
                            "$ref": "#/$defs/linked_list_node"
                        },
                        {
                            "type": "null"
                        }
                    ],
                    "description": "Reference to the next node; null if it is the last node."
                }
            },
            "required": [
                "value",
                "next"
            ],
            "additionalProperties": false
        }
    },
    "required": [
        "linked_list"
    ],
    "additionalProperties": false
}

Input: Dynamically generated UI
Output: {
    "name": "ui",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "type": {
            "type": "string",
            "description": "The type of the UI component",
            "enum": [
                "div",
                "button",
                "header",
                "section",
                "field",
                "form"
            ]
        },
        "label": {
            "type": "string",
            "description": "The label of the UI component, used for buttons or form fields"
        },
        "children": {
            "type": "array",
            "description": "Nested UI components",
            "items": {
                "$ref": "#"
            }
        },
        "attributes": {
            "type": "array",
            "description": "Arbitrary attributes for the UI component, suitable for any element",
            "items": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "name": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "The name of the attribute, for example onClick or className"
                    },
                    "value": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "The value of the attribute"
                    }
                },
                "required": [
                    "name",
                    "value"
                ],
                "additionalProperties": false
            }
        }
    },
    "required": [
        "type",
        "label",
        "children",
        "attributes"
    ],
    "additionalProperties": false
}`;

async function generateSchema(description) {
  const completion = await client.chat.completions.create({
    model: "gpt-5.6-terra",
    response_format: { type: "json_schema", json_schema: metaSchema },
    messages: [
      { role: "system", content: metaPrompt },
      { role: "user", content: "Description:\n" + description },
    ],
  });

  const content = completion.choices[0].message.content;
  if (!content) throw new Error("The model did not return a schema.");
  return JSON.parse(content);
}

console.log(
  JSON.stringify(await generateSchema("Describe a calendar event."), null, 2)
);